<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<document>
<title>Duke University</title>
<authors>Wikipedia</authors>
<publisher>wikipedia.org</publisher>
<publishedplace>network</publishedplace>
<publishedyear>2010</publishedyear>
<edition></edition>
<category>Featured articles</category>
<section id="10814" fatherid="0" title="" lv="" priority="-1" level="1">
Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment, prompting the institution to change its name in honor of his deceased father, Washington Duke.
The University is organized into two undergraduate and nine graduate schools. In its 2010 edition, U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report ranked the university's undergraduate program 10th among national universities,America's Best Colleges 2010. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2009. Retrieved on September 7, 2009. while ranking the medical, law, and business schools among the top 12 in the United States.America's Best Graduate Schools 2009. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2009. Retrieved on April 23, 2009. Duke University ranked 14th in the 2009 THES - QS World University Rankings.
Duke's research expenditures are among the largest ten in the U.S. Competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference, Duke's athletic teams have won 119 ACC Championships and ten national championships, including three by its men's basketball team.
Besides academics, research, and athletics, Duke is also well known for its sizable campus and Gothic architecture, especially the Duke Chapel. The forests surrounding parts of the campus belie the University's proximity to downtown Durham, about two miles away. Duke's 8,610 acres (35 km2) contain three contiguous campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort. Construction projects have updated both the freshmen-populated Georgian-style East Campus and the main Gothic-style West Campus, as well as the adjacent Medical Center over the past five years.

</section>
<section id="10815" fatherid="0" title="History" lv="" priority="2" level="1">
<section id="10816" fatherid="10815" title="Beginnings" lv="" priority="-1" level="2">
Duke started as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in 1837, in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity.  Brown's Schoolhouse was organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, and in 1841 North Carolina issued a charter for Union Institute Academy. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church.  In 1892, Trinity moved to Durham, largely due to generosity from Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry. Washington Duke gave what was then known as Trinity College a $100,000 endowment in 1896, with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men."
</section>
<section id="10817" fatherid="10815" title="Expansion and growth" lv="" priority="-2" level="2">
Engineering, which had been taught since 1903, became a separate school in 1939. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the only Rose Bowl ever played outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to speak at the University on the civil s movement's progress on November 14, 1964. The former governor of North Carolina, Terry Sanford, was elected president in 1969, propelling the Fuqua School of Business's opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs (now the Sanford School of Public Policy). The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students.Duke Annual Report 2000/2001-Interdisciplinary. Duke University Annual Report, 2001. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Rogalski, Jim. Breaking the Barrier: A History of African-Americans at Duke University School of Medicine. Inside DUMC, February 20, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Mock, Geoffrey. Duke's Black Faculty Initiative Reaches Goal Early. Duke University Office of News and Communication, November 21, 2002. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union was fully constructed two years later. In 1986, the men's soccer team captured Duke's first NCAA championship, and the men's basketball team followed with championships in 1991, 1992, and 2001.
</section>
<section id="10818" fatherid="10815" title="Recent history" lv="" priority="3" level="2">
Duke University's growth and academic focus have contributed to the university's reputation as an academic and research institution. The school has regularly sent three-member teams to the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, earning the title of the best collegiate undergraduate math team in the United States and Canada in 1993, 1996 and 2000. In recent years Duke's team has regularly finished in the top three.The Mathematical Association of America's William Lowell Putnam Competition. Mathematical Association of America. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
Construction continued on campus, with the  Levine Science Research Center (LSRC) opening in 1994 to house interdisciplinary research, and construction has continued. These projects have updated both the freshmen-housed Georgian-style East Campus and the main Gothic-style West Campus, as well as the adjacent Medical Center in the past five years. Other projects are underway on all three campuses, including a 50- to 75-year overhaul of Central Campus.Allison, Chelsea. Plans for new Central shift to south. The Chronicle, March 5, 2008. Retrieved on March 5, 2008.Central Campus Planning: History and Timeline. Duke University: Central Campus Planning. Retrieved on March 5, 2008.
In 1998, Duke President Nan Keohane initiated a five-year $1.5 billion Campaign for Duke fundraising effort. Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. ('47) endowed the Pratt School of Engineering with a $35 million gift in 1999. The Campaign for Duke ended in 2003 with $2.36 billion raised, making it the fifth largest campaign in the history of American higher education.The Campaign for Duke. Robertson Scholars Program. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
In the 2007 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $781 million, mostly in health care and life sciences. Duke's research also encompasses engineering, environmental science, social sciences and path-breaking interdisciplinary collaborations.Research and Development Expenditures: Fiscal Year 2007". The first working demonstration of an invisibility cloak was unveiled by Duke researchers in October 2006.Duke researchers unveil 'invisibility cloak' device. Chicago Tribune, October 20, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In 2002 and 2006, three students were named Rhodes Scholars, a number surpassed by only one other university both years.  Overall, Duke has produced 42 Rhodes Scholars, including 21 in the past 15 years. 
In August 2005, Duke established a partnership with the National University of Singapore to develop a joint medical program, which had its first entering class in 2007.http://www.gms.edu.sg/ In 2006, three lacrosse team members were accused of rape.  Charges against the players were later dropped and the initial prosecutor was disbarred for ethical improprieties. The incident garnered significant media attention.

</section>
</section>
<section id="10819" fatherid="0" title="Campus" lv="" priority="3" level="1">
<section id="10820" fatherid="10819" title="" lv="" priority="-1" level="2">
Duke University owns 220 buildings on 8,610 acres (35 km2) of land, which includes the 7,200 acre (29 km²) Duke Forest. The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses, and the Medical Center. All the campuses are connected via a free bus service or the Duke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit people mover. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort, Duke owns  as part of its Marine Lab. One of the major public attractions on the Duke Campus is the  Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the 1930s.
Duke students often refer to the campus as "the Gothic Wonderland," a nickname referring to the Gothic revival architecture of West Campus.C2005 Fall Writing 20-89. Duke Online Course Synopsis Handbook. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Much of the campus was designed by Julian Abele, one of the first prominent African American architects.Julian Abele, Architect. Duke University Archives. Retrieved on June 21, 2007. The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. Its freshman campus (East Campus) is composed of buildings in the Georgian architecture style.
The stone used for the West Campus has seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color. The university supervisor of planning and construction wrote that the stone has "an older, more attractive antique effect" and a "warmer and softer coloring than the Princeton stone" that gave the university an "artistic look". James B. Duke initially suggested the use of stone from a quarry in Princeton, New Jersey, but later amended the plans to use stone from a local quarry which was purchased Dukestone in Hillsborough to reduce costs.King, William E. DukeStone. Duke University Historical Notes. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Duke Chapel stands at the heart of West Campus. Constructed from 1930 to 1935, the chapel seats 1,600 people; and, at 210 feet (64 m), is one of the tallest buildings in Durham County.Duke Divinity School - Overview. Duke Divinity School. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
As of November 1, 2005, Duke had spent $835 million dollars on 34 major construction projects initiated since February 2001.Mueller, Jared. Campus reaps benefits of facilities boom. The Chronicle Online, November 1, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. At that time, Duke initiated a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence." Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, an art museum, a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the French Family Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings.Dagger, Jacob. Stones, Bricks, and Mortar: Building for Success. Duke Magazine, March-April 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10821" fatherid="10819" title="Libraries and museums" lv="" priority="2" level="2">
With more than 5.5 million volumes, the Duke University Library System is one of the ten largest private university library systems in the U.S. and is the 29th largest of all libraries in the United States.The Nation's Largest Libraries. American Library Association, August 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. It contains 17.7 million manuscripts, 1.2 million public documents, and tens of thousands of films and videos. Besides the main William R. Perkins Library, the university also contains the separately administered Ford (business), Divinity School, Duke Law, and Medical Center Libraries.About Duke Libraries. Duke University Libraries. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
The William R. Perkins Library system has 9 branches on campus. In addition to Perkins Library, the system contains the Biological -anddocsymbol- Environmental Science Library, Bostock Library, the Library Service Center, Lilly Library (which houses materials on fine arts, philosophy, film -anddocsymbol- video, and performing arts), the Music Library, Pearse Memorial Library (located at the Marine Lab). The University Archives and Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections are also considered part of the Perkins Library system.Duke Libraries. Duke University Libraries. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
Bostock Library, named for Board of Trustee member Roy J. Bostock, opened in the fall of 2005 as part of the University's strategic plan to supplement Duke's libraries. It contains 87 study carrels, 517 seats, and 96 computer stations, as well as  of shelving for overflow books from Perkins Library as well as for new collections.The Bostock Library. Duke University Libraries. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
Nasher Museum of Art, was designed by Rafael Viñoly and is named for Duke alumnus and art collector Raymond Nasher. The museum opened in 2005 at a cost of over $23 million, and contains over 13,000 works of art including works by Andy Warhol, Barkley L. Hendricks, Christian Marclay, Dario Robleto and Kara Walker.Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University. Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10822" fatherid="10819" title="West, East, and Central Campuses" lv="" priority="3" level="2">
West Campus, the heart of Duke University, houses all the sophomores, along with some juniors and seniors. In addition, most of the academic and administrative centers reside there. "Main" West Campus, with Duke Chapel at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning , includes Science Drive, which consists of science and engineering buildings. Most of the campus eateries and sports facilities including the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadium, are on West.Cameron Indoor Stadium. Duke University. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
East Campus, the original location of Duke University, functions as a freshman campus as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995-96 academic year, all freshmen-and only freshmen except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants-have lived on East Campus, to build class unity. The campus encompasses  and is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away from West Campus. The Art History, History, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies Departments are housed on East. Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program also reside on East. East Campus, a fully self-sufficient campus, contains the freshman dormitories, a dining hall, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, and several academic buildings. Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.
Central Campus, consisting of  between East and West campuses, houses around 850 juniors and seniors and 200 professional students in apartments. It is home to the Nasher Museum of Art, the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Duke Police Department, the Duke Office of Disability Management, a Ronald McDonald House, and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, tennis courts, a sand volleyball court, barbecue and picnic shelter as well as barbecue grills, a general gathering building called Devil's Den, and a convenience store.Central Campus. Duke Residence Life -anddocsymbol- Housing Services. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
At present, there is a 20- to 50-year plan to restructure Central Campus. The idea is to develop an "academic village" as a key center for the Duke community. The first phase, costing $240 million, involves replacing the outdated apartments. Other additions in the first phase include dining, academic, recreational, and service facilities. A key goal of the Central renovations is to reintegrate the area with the rest of the Duke campus, as it is connected to the other campuses by a circuitous, inefficient bus route.Duke University: Central Campus Planning. Duke University: Central Campus Planning, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10823" fatherid="10819" title="Key places" lv="" priority="-4" level="2">
Duke Forest, established in 1931, today consists of 7,200 acres (29 km²) in six divisions, just west of Duke University's West Campus.Quick Facts About Duke. Duke News -anddocsymbol- Communications. Retrieved on June 21, 2007. It is one of the largest continually managed forests in the U.S. and demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometerological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study.Duke Forest. Duke Forest. Retrieved on June 21, 2007. More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.Duke University Admissions: Duke Forest. Duke Admissions. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
The Duke Lemur Center, located inside the Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered prosimian primates. Founded in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (3.44 km²) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs, galagos and lorises.Lillard, Margaret. Duke lemur center has new research focus. The Associated Press, June 4, 2006. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
The Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the early 1930s, is situated between West Campus and the apartments of Central Campus. The gardens occupy 55 acres (2.2 km²), divided into four major sections: the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in both Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8 km) of allées and paths throughout Gardens. . Duke Gardens. Retrieved on Nov. 24, 2009.
Duke University Medical Center, located directly north of West Campus, combines one of the top-rated hospitals and one of the top-ranked medical schools in the U.S. Founded in 1930, the Medical Center occupies 7.5 million square feet (700,000 m²) in 91 buildings on 210 acres (8.5 km²).DukeMedNews. DukeMed News, June 1, 2006. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
Duke University Marine Lab, although located in the town of Beaufort, North Carolina, is also part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on Pivers Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, only  across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938. The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML).Duke University Marine Lab. Duke Marine Lab. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.

</section>
</section>
<section id="10824" fatherid="0" title="Academics" lv="" priority="-4" level="1">
<section id="10825" fatherid="10824" title="Profile" lv="" priority="1" level="2">
Duke's student body consists of 6,340 undergraduates and 7,117 graduate and professional students (as of Fall 2008). The undergraduate student body, of whom 40% are members of ethnic minorities,Class of 2010 Profile. Duke Admissions. Retrieved on March 4, 2007.Class of 2009 Profile. Duke Admissions. Retrieved on March 4, 2007.Duke's Class of 2012 Will Be Its Most Selective, Diverse — And Larger Than Expected. Duke Office of News -anddocsymbol- Communication. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. come from all 50 U.S. states and 106 countries (as of 2007-08).Duke International House Statistics, 2007-08. Duke International House, 2008. Retrieved on May 28, 2008. For the undergraduate class of 2013, Duke received 23,877 applications, and accepted 18% of them.Class of 2013 Profile. Duke University Admissions. Retrieved on November 14, 2009. For the class of 2012, 96% of admitted students ranked in the top 10% of their high school class. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for first-year students is 1340-1540 (old scale) or 2020-2320 (new scale), while the ACT range is 29-34.College Search - Duke University. CollegeBoard. Retrieved on November 16, 2008.Class of 2010 Profile. Duke Admissions. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Duke Mails Admissions Decisions to More than 19,000 Applicants for the Class Of 2010. Duke News -anddocsymbol- Communications. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Dagger, Jacob. Top of the Crop. Duke Magazine, February 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In 2007 the School of Medicine received 5,076 applicants for 100 spots (2.0% of applicants), while the average GPA and MCAT scores for accepted students were 3.88 and 36, respectively.Duke University School of Medicine. Admission Hub, 2007. Retrieved on December 9, 2007. The School of Law  accepted approximately 18% of its applicants for the Class of 2012, while enrolling students had a median GPA of 3.76 and median LSAT of 169.  Duke Law Admissions, 2009. Retrieved on Nov. 24, 2009.
Duke University has two schools for undergraduates: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and Pratt School of Engineering. The University's graduate and professional schools include the Graduate School, the Pratt School of Engineering, the Nicholas School of the Environment, the School of Medicine, the School of Nursing, the Fuqua School of Business, the School of Law, the Divinity School, and the Sanford School of Public Policy.Duke homepage - Schools tab Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.
In the past decade, Duke has had the sixth highest number of Fulb, Rhodes, Truman, and Goldwater scholarships in the nation among private universities.Recently Elected U.S. Rhodes Scholars. The Rhodes Trust. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Twenty-two Duke Graduates, Grad Students Receive Fulb Scholarships. Duke News -anddocsymbol- Communications, September 26, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The University practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated need. More than 40% of students in 2007–08 received financial aid, with the average grant being $26,700.Duke Expands Financial Aid For Lower- And Middle-Class Families. Duke News -anddocsymbol- Communications, December 7, 2007. Retrieved on December 9, 2007. Roughly 60 merit-based scholarships are also offered, many of which are geared toward students in North Carolina, African-American students, and high achieving students requiring financial aid.Financial Aid Statistics. Duke Financial Aid. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
Duke University's endowment had a market value of $4.4 billion in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009. . "Quick Facts." Retrieved on Nov. 24, 2009. The University's special academic facilities include an art museum, several language labs, the Duke Forest, the Duke Herbarium, a lemur center, a phytotron, a free electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine, a nuclear lab, and a marine lab. Duke also is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program, or TIP.UCAR joins National Lambda Rail. SCD News. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.Duke Tip - Summer Programs. Duke TIP. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10826" fatherid="10824" title="Undergraduate" lv="" priority="2" level="2">
Duke offers 36 arts and sciences majors, four engineering majors, and 46 additional majors that have been approved under Program II, which allows students to design their own interdisciplinary major. Sixteen certificate programs also are available. Students may pursue a combination of a total of up to three majors/minors/certificates. Eighty percent of undergraduates enroll in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, while the rest are in the Pratt School of Engineering.About Pratt. Pratt School of Engineering. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
Trinity's curriculum operates under the revised version of "Curriculum 2000." It ensures that students are exposed to a variety of "areas of knowledge" and "modes of inquiry." The curriculum aims to help students develop critical faculties and judgment by learning how to access, synthesize, and communicate knowledge effectively, acquiring perspective on current and historical events, conducting research and solving problems, and developing tenacity and a capacity for hard and sustained work.Curriculum 2000: Index of the Report. Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. In addition, freshmen can elect to participate in the FOCUS Program, which allows students to engage in an interdisciplinary exploration of a specific topic in a small group setting.Focus: Introduction: What is Focus?. Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.
Pratt's curriculum, on the other hand, is narrower in scope, but still accommodates double majors in a variety of disciplines. The school emphasizes undergraduate research-opportunities for hands-on experiences arise through internships, fellowship programs, and the structured curriculum. Furthermore, for the class of 2007, more than 27% of Pratt undergraduates studied abroad,Degrees Offered at Pratt. Pratt School of Engineering. Retrieved on May 1, 2007. small compared to the percentage for Trinity undergraduates (46%), but much larger than the national average for engineering students (1.5%).. Trinity College of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Frequently Asked Questions. Pratt School of Engineering. Retrieved on March 18, 2009Loftus, Margaret. A Broader Perspective. American Society for Engineering Education, January 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Undergraduate Science and Engineering Students and Degrees. National Science Foundation. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10827" fatherid="10824" title="Research" lv="" priority="3" level="2">
In the 2007 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $781 million, mostly in health care and life sciences.  In the 2005 fiscal year, Duke University Medical Center received the fifth-largest amount of funding from the National Institute of Health, netting $349.8 million. Duke's funding increased 14.8% from 2004, representing the largest growth of any top-20 recipient.McGowan, Jasten. Med Center nets $350M in NIH gifts. The Chronicle, September 8, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.  In the 2008 fiscal year, Duke University School of Nursing  jumped to 18th nationally in the rankings of the National Institute of Health funding for nursing schools, netting more than $2.34 million, up 54 percent from 2007, when it ranked 30th nationally.Stagg, Bill. Duson jumps to 18th in NIH nursing school funds. Inside Duke Medicine, May 21, 2009. Retrieved on June 5, 2009.
Throughout history, Duke researchers have made breakthroughs, including the biomedical engineering department's development of the world's first real-time, three-dimensional ultrasound diagnostic system and the first engineered blood vessels.Research Duke BME. Pratt School of Engineering. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In the mechanical engineering department, Adrian Bejan developed the constructal theory, which explains the shapes that arise in nature. Duke has also pioneered studies involving nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and complex systems in physics. In May 2006, Duke researchers mapped the final human chromosome, which made world news as the Human Genome Project was finally complete.Final genome 'chapter' published. BBC News. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Reports of Duke researchers' involvement in new AIDS vaccine research surfaced in June 2006.AIDS Vaccine Research Offers New Insights On Survival. Medical News Today, June 13, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The biology department combines two historically strong programs in botany and zoology, while one of the divinity school's leading theologians is Stanley Hauerwas, whom Time named "America's Best Theologian" in 2001.Elshtain, Jean Bethke. CNN/Time - America's Best. Time. Retrieved on May 30, 2007. The graduate program in literature boasts several internationally renowned figures, including Fredric Jameson,Fredric Jameson, William A. Lane Professor of Comparative Literature and Romance Studies. Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. Michael Hardt,Vulliamy, Ed. The Observer Profile: Michael Hardt. The Observer, July 15, 2001. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. and Alice Kaplan,Alice Kaplan, Professor of Romance Studies, Literature, and History; French. Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. while philosophers Robert Brandon and Lakatos Award-winner Alexander Rosenberg make Duke a leading center for research in philosophy of biology.Center for Philosophy of Biology. Duke University. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10828" fatherid="10824" title="Rankings" lv="" priority="4" level="2">
In the 2010 U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report ranking of undergraduate programs at doctoral granting institutions, Duke ranked 10th.America's Best Colleges 2009. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2006. Retrieved on September 3, 2007. In the past decade, U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report has placed Duke as high as 3rd and as low as 10th.Duke Places Eighth in U.S. News Ranking. Duke University News -anddocsymbol- Communications, August 18, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Duke was ranked the 14th-best university in the world in 2009 by the THES - QS World University Rankings. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited, 2007. Retrieved on November 13, 2007. Duke was ranked 32nd best globally and 25th nationally by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2008, focusing on quality of scientific research and number of Nobel Prizes.Top 500 World Universities (1-100). Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved on April 30, 2009.The Wall Street Journal ranked Duke 6th (5th among universities) in its "feeder" rankings in 2006, analyzing the percentage of undergraduates that enroll in what it considers the top 5 medical, law, and business schools.SenGupta, Neal. Duke still step below top schools. The Chronicle, September 4, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. A survey by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education in 2002 ranked Duke as the best university in the country in regard to the integration of African American students and faculty.Ranking America's Leading Universities on Their Success in Integrating African Americans. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2002. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
In U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report 's "America's Best Graduate Schools 2009," Duke's medical school ranked 6th for research and tied for 41st for primary care, while the law school ranked 10th.Top Medical Schools - Research. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2008. Retrieved on April 16, 2008.Top Medical Schools - Primary. The Duke University Physician Assistant Program, the first of its kind when it began in 1965, also ranked first in the publication for physician assistant programs. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Top Law Schools. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In the U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report 's most recent rankings of nursing schools, in 2007, Duke's nursing school tied for 15th.America's Best Graduate Schools. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2007. Retrieved on June 5, 2009. Among business schools in the United States, the Fuqua School of Business was ranked 12th by U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report in 2009 and 8th by BusinessWeek in 2008.America's Best Graduate Schools. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.2006 Full-Time MBA Program Rankings. BusinessWeek. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The graduate program for the Pratt School of Engineering was ranked 30th by U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report and 2nd by The Princeton Review in 2006 among national engineering schools.Top Engineering Schools. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.. The Princeton Review and Collegiate Presswire, September 25, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In the rankings of doctoral programs by U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report in its 2008 edition, Duke ranked 1st in literary criticism and theory,America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: English Specialties. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. 5th in ecology and evolutionary biology,Biological Sciences Specialties: Ecology/Evolutionary Biology (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. 5th in biomedical engineering,Engineering Specialties: Biomedical/Bioengineering (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. tied for 6th in statistics,Statistics (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on September 16, 2009. tied for 12th for doctoral programs in the sciences, tied for 20th in computer science,Computer Science (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on September 16, 2009. tied for 21st in mathematics,Mathematics (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. tied for 29th in physics,Physics (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. tied for 34th in earth sciences,Earth Sciences (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on September 16, 2009. and ranked 38th in chemistry.Chemistry (Ph.D.) (subscription required). U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.
Political science,McCormick, James M. -anddocsymbol- Rice, Tom W. Graduate Training and Research Productivity in the 1990s: A Look at Who Publishes. PSOnline, 2001. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. sociology, history, economics, and cultural anthropology departments also frequently rank in the top 20 of their respective disciplines among U.S. universities.Duke University Graduate, Professional Schools Rank High in Latest U.S. News Survey. Duke Office of News -anddocsymbol- Communication, February 28, 2005. Retrieved on June 12, 2007. The Philosophical Gourmet Report placed Duke's philosophy program as the 27th best in the nation in 2006,The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2006-2008 :: Overall Rankings. The Philosophical Gourmet Report Retrieved on June 12, 2007. while ranking Duke as the best program in the U.S. in philosophy of biology.The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2006-2008 :: Breakdown :: Philosophy of Biology. The Philosophical Gourmet Report Retrieved on June 12, 2007.

</section>
</section>
<section id="10829" fatherid="0" title="Student life" lv="" priority="5" level="1">
<section id="10830" fatherid="10829" title="Residential life" lv="" priority="1" level="2">
Duke requires its students to live on campus for the first three years of undergraduate life, except for a small percentage of second semester juniors who are exempted by a lottery system. This requirement is justified by the administration as an effort to help students connect more closely with one another and sustain a sense of belonging within the Duke community.RLHS: Housing. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.RLHS: Mission. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Thus, 85% of undergraduates live on campus.Campus Life. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. All freshmen are housed in one of 14 residences on East Campus. These buildings range in occupancy size from 50 (Epworth-the oldest dorm, built in 1892 as "the Inn") to 190 residents (Gilbert-Addoms).Epworth. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.Gilbert-Addoms. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Most of these are in the Georgian style typical of the East Campus architecture. Although the newer residence halls differ in style, they still relate to East’s Georgian heritage. Two learning communities, the Performing Arts Community and East Campus Wellness, connect the residential component of East Campus with students of similar academic and social interests.RLHS: Communities. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on February 8, 2009. Similarly, students in the Focus program, a first-year program that features courses clustered around a specific theme, live together in the same residence halls.
The vast majority of sophomores reside on West Campus, but they may also elect to live on Central Campus. Juniors and seniors can choose to live on West or Central. West Campus contains six quadrangles-the four along "Main" West were built in 1930’s, while two newer ones have since been added. West Campus is home to three learning communities including West Campus Wellness, a substance-free section, and the Baldwin Scholars program. These groups are allocated "sections" of the quadrangles, thereby living close to one another, but still within the context of a larger community. Also, 25 "selective living groups" are housed within sections on West, including 15 fraternities.Selective Living Groups. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Nine of the 11 non-fraternity selective living groups are coeducational. Central Campus provides housing for approximately 1,050 students (of which about 850 are undergraduate juniors or seniors) in 45 apartment buildings. About half of Duke seniors, however, choose to live off campus.

</section>
<section id="10831" fatherid="10829" title="Greek and social life" lv="" priority="2" level="2">
About 30% of undergraduate men and about 40%  of undergraduate women belong to fraternities and sororities. While some of the 15 Interfraternity Council (IFC) recognized fraternity chapters live in sections within West Campus quads, the nine Panhellenic Association Sorority Chapters choose not to feature residential communities. EightNational Pan-Hellenic Council (historically African American) fraternities and sororities hold chapters at Duke.National Pan-Hellenic Chapters. Duke Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In addition, four other fraternities and sororities form the Inter-Greek Council, the multicultural Greek umbrella organization. . Duke Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life. Retrieved on December 18, 2009. Duke also has 11 Selective Living Groups, or SLGs, on campus for students wanting self-selecting living arrangements. Selective Living Groups at Duke are residential groups similar to fraternities or sororities but are generally co-ed, housed on West Campus, and unaffiliated with any national organizations.Duke Wiki. The Duke Wiki, Duiki, selective living groups Fraternity chapters frequently host social events in their residential sections, which are often open to non-members.Fraternity Housing Sections, Duke Office of Fraternity -anddocsymbol- Sorority Life. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
In the late-1990s, a new keg policy was put into effect that requires all student groups to purchase kegs through Duke Dining Services. According to administrators, the rule change was intended as a way to ensure compliance with alcohol consumption laws as well as to increase on-campus safety.Moulton,Jessica. Keg prices reduced by $10; bartenders remain expensive. The Chronicle. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Some students saw the administration's increasingly strict policies as an attempt to alter social life at Duke.DeLuca, Jerry and Vrettos, Christopher. Honestly, the administration wants no kegs. The Chronicle. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. As a result, off-campus parties at rented houses became more frequent in subsequent years as a way to avoid Duke policies. Many of these houses were situated in the midst of family neighborhoods, prompting residents to complain about excessive noise and other violations. Police have responded by breaking up parties at several houses, handing out citations, and occasionally arresting party-goers.Mueller, Jared. Buchanan Blues. The Chronicle, April 29, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The administration has been very active in the past few years with efforts to help students re-establish a robust, on-campus social life and has worked with numerous student groups, especially the Duke University Union, to feature a wide array of events and activities. In March, 2006, the university also purchased 15 houses in the Trinity Park area that Duke students had typically rented. These houses are now owned by individual families who live in them, including the Dean of Duke Chapel.Eaglin,Adam. Duke to sell 5 off-East houses. The Chronicle, June 1, 2006. Retrieved on April 17, 2007.
Duke athletics, particularly basketball, is a significant component of Duke's student life. Duke's students have been recognized as some of the most creative and original fans in all of collegiate athletics.Cameron's Craziest. ESPN, 2002. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Students, often referred to as Cameron Crazies, show their support of the men's basketball team by "tenting" for home games against key ACC rivals, especially UNC. Because tickets to all varsity sports are free to students, they line up for hours before each game, often spending the night on the sidewalk. For a mid-February game against UNC, some of the most eager students might even begin tenting before spring classes begin.  The total number of participating tents is capped at 100 (each tent can have up to 12 occupants), though interest is such that it could exceed that number if space permitted. Tenting involves setting up and inhabiting a tent on the grass near Cameron Indoor Stadium, an area known as Krzyzewskiville, or K-ville for short. There are different categories of tenting based on the length of time and number of people who must be in the tent. At night, K-ville often turns into the scene of a party or occasional concert. The men's basketball coach, Mike Krzyzewski, is known to buy pizza on occasion for the inhabitants of the tent village.Kville. Duke Student Government. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10832" fatherid="10829" title="Activities" lv="" priority="3" level="2">
<section id="10833" fatherid="10832" title="Student organizations" lv="" priority="1" level="3">
Approximately 370 student clubs and organizations operate on Duke's campus. These include numerous student government, special interest, and service organizations.Non-profit organization., Duke University Office of Student Activities and Facilities, July 1, 2009. Retrieved on July 1, 2009. Chartered by the Board of Trustees, the most prominent amongst these are the Duke Student Government and the Duke University Union. Duke Student Government (DSG) subsequently charters and provides most of the funding for other student groups, and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration.Duke Student Government. Duke Student Government. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The Duke University Union (DUU) is the school's primary programming organization, serving a center of social, cultural, intellectual and recreational life.Duke University Union., Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Cultural groups are also provided funding directly from the university via the Multicultural Center as well as other institutional funding sources. One of the most popular activities on campus is competing in sports. Duke has 35 sports clubs and 29 intramural teams that are officially recognized.Clubs. Duke: HPER. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Performance groups such as Hoof 'n' Horn, the South's oldest student-run musical theater organization, a cappella groups such as the Duke Pitchforks, student bands such as Alan Davis Band, and Duke University Improv are also prominent on campus.Hoof 'n' Horn
Cultural groups on campus include: the Asian Students Association, Blue Devils United (the student lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender group), Black Student Alliance, Diya (South Asian Association), Jewish Life at Duke, Mi Gente (Latino Student Association), International Association/International Council, Muslim Student Association, Native American Student Coalition, Newman Catholic Student Center, Languages Dorm, and Students of the Caribbean.Cultural -anddocsymbol- Ethnic Organizations. Duke University Admissions.  Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10834" fatherid="10832" title="Civic engagement" lv="" priority="2" level="3">
According to The Princeton Review, Duke is one of 81 institutions in the country with outstanding community service programs. Duke University Division of Student Affairs, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In 2008, Duke received the Community Engagement Classification from Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. In February 2007, Duke launched DukeEngage, a $30 million civic engagement program that allows undergraduates to participate in an in-depth service opportunity over the course of a summer or semester. The program's scope has been called "unprecedented in U.S. higher education." In addition, Duke students have created more than 30 service organizations in Durham and the surrounding area. Examples include a weeklong camp for children of cancer patients (Camp Kesem) and a group that promotes awareness about sexual health, rape prevention, alcohol and drug use, and eating disorders (Healthy Devils). The Duke-Durham Neighborhood Partnership, started by the Office of Community Affairs in 1996, attempts to address major concerns of local residents and schools by leveraging university resources. Another community project, "Scholarship with a Civic Mission," is a joint program between the Hart Leadership Program and the Kenan Institute for Ethics. Other programs include: Project CHILD, a tutoring program involving 80 first-year volunteers; an after-school program for at-risk students in Durham that was started with $2.25 million grant from the Kellogg Foundation in 2002; and Project BUILD, a freshman volunteering group that dedicates 3300 hours of service to a variety of projects such as schools, Habitat for Humanity, food banks, substance rehabilitation centers, and homeless shelters.. Duke University Division of Student Affairs. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Some courses at Duke incorporate service as part of the curriculum to augment material learned in class such as in psychology or education courses (known as service learning courses).Dean, Ashley. Duke Students Mix Service With Academics. The New York Times, November 11, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
</section>
<section id="10835" fatherid="10832" title="Student media" lv="" priority="3" level="3">
The Chronicle, Duke's independent undergraduate daily newspaper, has been continually published since 1905 and has a readership of about 30,000.The Chronicle: About Us. The Chronicle. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Its editors are responsible for selecting the term "Blue Devil." The newspaper won Best in Show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention.The Chronicle heralded at conference. The Chronicle, October 31, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Cable 13, established in 1976, is Duke's student-run television station. It stands as a popular activity for students interested in film production and media.Cable 13. Cable 13. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. WXDU-FM, licensed in 1983, is the University's nationally recognized, noncommercial FM radio station, operated by student and community volunteers.WXDU Durham, 88.7 fm: Station. WXDU. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.Raleigh-Durham Radio Waves. RDU Radio Waves. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="10836" fatherid="0" title="Athletics" lv="" priority="6" level="1">
<section id="10837" fatherid="10836" title="" lv="" priority="-1" level="2">
Duke's 26 varsity sports teams, known as the Blue Devils, are members of the NCAA's Division I Atlantic Coast Conference. The Blue Devil Mascot's origins are rooted in a elite French alpine fighting unit that garnered accolades and much global attention during World War I and its aftermath.  The French fighters' uniforms consisted of a flowing blue cape and blue beret.Why Blue Devil  Athletic teams at the school had no moniker until approximately 1924 when the school's newspaper, The Trinity Chronicle, decided upon "Blue Devils" as the name after a much maligned democratic effort to select a name in the previous year. Students initially feared that the Methodist school's administration might frown upon the choice given the religious environment but were surprised when there was virtually zero opposition to the reference.  Although hardly anyone today knows of the elite French fighting force, "les Diables Bleus," Duke's mascot origin is considered to be military and patriotic rather than anti-religious.
Duke's teams have won ten NCAA team national championships-the women's golf team has won five (1999, 2002, 2005, 2006 and 2007), the men's basketball team has won three (1991, 1992, and 2001), and the men's soccer (1986) and women's tennis (2009) teams have won one each.No. 1 vs. No. 2: Johns Hopkins -anddocsymbol- Duke Meet For NCAA Championship. CSTV, May 29, 2005. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. Historically, Duke's major rival has been the Tar Heels of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, especially in basketball. The rivalry has led people to identify the two differing shades of blue in relation to their respective university-calling the lighter powder blue "Carolina blue" and the darker blue "Duke blue."Blue Devils recall Heels' bell party. Sporting News, November 14, 2005. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.Duke and UNC Students Expand Rivalry. BattleofTheBlues.com. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
In the past ten years, Duke has finished in the top 30 every year in the NACDA Directors' Cup, an overall measure of an institution's athletic success. In the past three years, Duke has finished 11th (2007),Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2007). National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics, June 27, 2007. Retrieved on July 1, 2007. eighth (2006),Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2006). National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics, June 29, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. and fifth (2005).Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2005). National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics, 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Duke teams that have been ranked in the top ten nationally in the 2000s include men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's fencing, men's and women's cross country running, men's and women's lacrosse, women's field hockey, and men's and women's golf. Eight of these teams were ranked either first or second in the country during 2004–05.Duke Athletics: Rankings. GoDuke.com. Retrieved on June 6, 2005. Women's golf has been particularly dominating, compiling a record of 796-45-3 (.945) in the 2000–2005 seasons.. Golf Digest, September 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Duke has won 112 ACC Championships, 42 of which have come since 1999-2000 (through 2008-09).Duke's ACC Championships. GoDuke.com Retrieved on July 24, 2009. The men's lacrosse program has been one of the most successful in the nation recently-it has ranked in the top 15 in the country in five of the last six last participating seasonsUSILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2008. LaxPower, May 5, 2008. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2007. LaxPower, May 7, 2007. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2005. LaxPower, May 9, 2005. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2003. LaxPower, May 5, 2003. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.USILA Coaches Poll: Division I 2002. LaxPower, May 6, 2002. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. and reached the national championship game in 2005 and 2007, losing to The Johns Hopkins University by a single goal and accumulating season records of 17-3 both times.Sports Briefs: Duke lacrosse in Final Four Post-Gazette, May 21, 2007. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.Wojciechowski, Joe. Duke, Hopkins endured low points to return to championship game. ESPN. Retrieved on June 21, 2007.
According to a 2006 evaluation conducted by the NCAA, Duke's student-athletes have the highest graduation rate of any institution in the nation.Beaton, Gregory. Duke 1st in new NCAA evaluation. The Chronicle, November 10, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. In 2005, 2006, and 2007, Duke ranked first among Division I schools in the National Collegiate Scouting Association Power Rankings-a combination of the institution's Director's Cup standing, its athletic graduation rate, and its academic rank in U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report.2005 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings. National Collegiate Scouting Association, 2005. Retrieved on August 7, 2007.2006 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings. National Collegiate Scouting Association, 2006. Retrieved on August 7, 2007.2007 NCSA Collegiate Power Rankings. National Collegiate Scouting Association, 2007. Retrieved on August 21, 2007.

</section>
<section id="10838" fatherid="10836" title="Men's basketball" lv="" priority="2" level="2">
Duke's men's basketball team,Beard, Aaron. Duke: Lakers, Krzyzewski discussing coaching vacancy. Associated Press, July 2, 2004. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.Camerato, Jessica. NBA Impact: Duke University. Hoopsworld, May 15, 2008. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. is one of the nation's most successful basketball programs.NCAA Men's Basketball 2007 All-Time Wins. NCAA, 2007. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. The team has captured three National Championships, while attending 14 Final Fours and nine Championship games.All-time NCAA Tournament results. USA Today, April 4, 2002. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. Duke is tied for the most Atlantic Coast Conference championships with 17 and have had the most National Players of the Year in the nation with 11.ACC Men's Basketball Press Release. TheACC.com, 2007. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. Seventy-two players have been selected in the NBA Draft, while 32 players have been honored as All-Americans.Men's Basketball All-America 56 times. GoDuke.com, 2008. Retrieved on Nov. 20, 2009. Duke's program is one of only two to have been to at least one Final Four and one National Championship game in each of the past five decades.Duke Basketball Tradition. GoDuke.com. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. The program's home facility is historic Cameron Indoor Stadium, considered one of the top venues in the nation.SI's Top 20 Venues of the 20th century. Sports Illustrated, June 7, 1999. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
The team's success has been particularly outstanding over the past 25 years under coach Mike Krzyzewski (often simply called "Coach K") who also has coached the USA men's national basketball team since 2006 and led to team to Olympic gold in 2008. Their successes include becoming one of only two teams to win three national championships since the NCAA Tournament field was expanded to 64 teams in 1985, ten Final Fours in the past 21 years, and eight of nine ACC tournament championships from 1999 to 2006.Coach K Coach. Coach K.com. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Fourteen of its alumni play in the NBA as of the 2009 season, making Duke tied for the highest number among college teams.

</section>
<section id="10839" fatherid="10836" title="Football" lv="" priority="3" level="2">
The Blue Devils have won seven ACC Football Championships, have had ten players honored as ACC Player of the Year (the most in the ACC), and have had three Pro Football Hall of Famers come through the program (second in the ACC to only Miami's four). In addition, the Blue Devils have produced 11 College Football Hall of Famers which is tied for the 2nd most in the ACC. Duke has also won 17 total conference championships (7 ACC, 9 Southern Conference, and 1 Big Five Conference). That total is the highest in the ACC.Colleges - Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pro Football Hall of Fame, 2007. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.
The most famous Duke football season came in 1938,Young, Jim. The 1938 Iron Dukes: A Lasting Legacy, July/Aug 2003. Retrieved on May 24, 2008. when Wallace Wade coached the "Iron Dukes" that shut out all regular season opponents; only three teams in history can claim such a feat.Iron Dukes: Providing Scholarship Support for the Duke Student-Athlete. Iron Dukes. Retrieved on June 21, 2007. Duke reached their first Rose Bowl appearance, where they lost 7-3 when USC scored a touchdown in the final minute of the game.Young, Jim. The 1938 Iron Duke: A Lasting Legacy. Duke Magazine, August 2003. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. Wade's Blue Devils lost another Rose Bowl to Oregon State in 1942, this one held at Duke's home stadium due to the attack on Pearl Harbor, which resulted in the fear that a large gathering on the West Coast might be in range of Japanese aircraft carriers.King, William E. The 1942 Durham Rose Bowl. Duke University Archives. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. The football program also proved successful in the 1950s and 1960s, winning six of the first ten ACC football championships from 1953 to 1962 under coach Bill Murray; the Blue Devils would not win the ACC championship again until 1989 under now revered coach Steve Spurrier.Duke Blue Devils. Theacc.com. Retrieved on June 12, 2007.
Despite its long history of success at football, Duke has not had a winning season since 1994. David Cutcliffe was brought in two years ago as head coach, however, and he and his staff have been widely hailed as contributing to a turnaround that is currently in progress. The 2009 team won 5 of 12 games and was eliminated from bowl contention in the next-to-last game of the season. Typical of the external recognition given the team is the fact that Mike MacIntyre, the defensive coordinator, was named 2009 Assistant Coach of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association  
While the football team has struggled at times on the field, the graduation rate of its players is consistently among the highest among Division I-A schools. Duke's high graduation rates have earned it more American Football Coaches Association's Academic Achievement Awards than any other institution.SMU Receives 2006 AFCA Academic Achievement Award American Football Coaches Association, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.

</section>
</section>
<section id="10840" fatherid="0" title="Alumni" lv="" priority="7" level="1">
Duke alumni are active through organizations and events such as the annual Reunion Weekend and Homecoming. There are 75 Duke clubs in the U.S. and 38 international clubs.Duke Clubs in U.S.. Duke Alumni Association. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. For the 2005–06 fiscal year, Duke tied for third in alumni giving rate among U.S. colleges and universities.Alumni Giving Rates. U.S. News -anddocsymbol- World Report. Retrieved on January 12, 2007. A number of Duke alumni have made significant contributions in the fields of government, law, science, academia, business, arts, journalism, and athletics, among others.
Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States graduated with a law degree in 1937. Elizabeth Dole, former United States Senator from North Carolina and former President of the American Red Cross, Ricardo Lagos, 33rd President of Chile from 2000 to 2006, Ron Paul, Texas congressman and two-time presidential candidate, and  Jeffrey Zients, the first United States Chief Performance Officer are among the most notable alumni with involvement in politics. In the research realm, Duke graduates who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics include Hans Dehmelt for his development of the ion trap technique, Robert Richardson for his discovery of superfluidity in helium-3, and Charles Townes for his work on quantum electronics.
Several alumni hold top positions at large companies. Current or recent Chairman, President, Vice president, or CEO of each of the following Fortune 500 companies is a Duke alumnus: BB-anddocsymbol-T (John A. Allison IV), Bear Stearns (Alan Schwartz), Boston Scientific Corporation (Peter Nicholas), Chesapeake Energy (Aubrey McClendon), Cisco Systems (John Chambers), ExxonMobil (Rex Adams), General Motors Corporation (Rick Wagoner), Medtronic (Bill Hawkins), Morgan Stanley (John J. Mack), Norfolk Southern (David R. Goode), Northwest Airlines (Gary L. Wilson), PepsiCo, Inc. (Karl von der Heyden), Pfizer (Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.), and Wachovia (Robert K. Steel). Kevin Martin is Chairman of the FCC, and Rex Adams serves as the Chairman of PBS. Another alumna, Melinda Gates, is the co-founder of the $31.9 billion Bill -anddocsymbol- Melinda Gates Foundation, the nation's wealthiest charitable foundation.Foundation Fact Sheet. Bill -anddocsymbol- Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.The Nation's 10 Wealthiest Foundations. The Chronicle of Philanthropy, March 4, 2004. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.
Prominent journalists include Sean McManus, who is president of both CBS Sports and CBS News. Dan Abrams is chief legal correspondent for NBC News, while Charlie Rose hosts his own talk show. Judy Woodruff is a senior correspondent for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer on PBS and was formerly NBC's White House correspondent and an anchor for CNN. Jay Bilas is a basketball analyst for ESPN who co-hosts College GameDay, and also joins CBS as a game analyst for the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship. Mike Gminski, Jim Spanarkel, and Jay Williams are also among the former basketball players who have become color commentators for the sport. John Feinstein writes columns for The Washington Post and has written multiple sports-oriented books. Rik Kirkland serves as a Managing Editor for the magazine Fortune, while Clay Felker is a founding editor of New York. John Harwood is the Chief Washington Correspondent for CNBC, a Senior Contributing Writer for The Wall Street Journal, and frequent panelist on Washington Week.
William C. Styron won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1968 for his novel The Confessions of Nat Turner and is also well-known for his 1979 novel Sophie's Choice and his 1992 memoir Darkness Visible. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction was also awarded to Anne Tyler for her 1988 novel Breathing Lessons.
In the arts realm, Annabeth Gish (actress in the X-Files and The West Wing), Randall Wallace (screenwriter, producer, and director, Braveheart, Pearl Harbor, We Were Soldiers) and David Hudgins (television writer and producer, Everwood, Friday Night Lights) headline the list. Management of professional athletic franchises include John Angelos (Executive Vice President of the Baltimore Orioles), Aubrey McClendon (partial owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder), John Canning, Jr. (co-owner of Milwaukee Brewers), and Stephen Pagliuca (co-owner of Boston Celtics).  Finally, several athletes have become stars at the professional level, especially in basketball's NBA. Shane Battier, Corey Maggette, Elton Brand, Carlos Boozer, Chris Duhon, and Grant Hill, and J.J. Redick are among the most famous.

</section>
<section id="10841" fatherid="0" title="Notes" lv="" priority="-8" level="1">
</section>
<section id="10842" fatherid="0" title="External links" lv="" priority="-9" level="1">
Category:Association of American Universities
Category:Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Duke University
Category:Duke family
Category:Durham, North Carolina
Category:Educational institutions established in 1838
Category:Universities and colleges in the Research Triangle, North Carolina
Category:Universities and colleges in North Carolina
Category:National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities
Category:Education in Durham, North Carolina
Category:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
diq:Universitey Duke

</section>
</document>
